Bmw Lease Programs June 2011

Plug in hybrid Wikipedia. The Chevrolet Volt is the worlds top selling plug in hybrid1 Global combined VoltAmpera family sales achieved the 1. October 2. 01. 5. A plug in hybrid electric vehicle PHEV is a hybrid electric vehicle that uses rechargeable batteries, or another energy storage device, that can be recharged by plugging it in to an external source of electric power as well as an on board internal combustion engine and generator. Most PHEVs are passenger cars but there are also PHEV versions of commercial vehicles and vans, utility trucks, buses, trains, motorcycles, scooters, and military vehicles. The cost of electricity to power plug in hybrids for all electric operation has been estimated at less than one quarter of the cost of gasoline in California. Compared to conventional vehicles, PHEVs produce less air pollution locally and require less petroleum. PHEVs may produce less in the way of greenhouse gases, which contribute to global warming,45 than conventional vehicles do. PHEVs also eliminate the problem of range anxiety associated with all electric vehicles, because the combustion engine works as a backup when the batteries are depleted, giving PHEVs driving range comparable to that of other vehicles that have gasoline and diesel tanks. Plug in hybrids use no fossil fuel at the point of use during their all electric range. Plug in hybrids greenhouse gas emissions, during operation in their all electric range mode, depend on the type of power plant used to feed the electrical grid when the battery is charged. See Greenhouse gas emissions, below. If the batteries are charged directly from renewable sources off the electrical grid, then the tailpipe greenhouse gas emissions are zero when running only on battery power. Other benefits include improved national energy security, less frequent fill ups at the filling station, the convenience of home recharging, opportunities to provide emergency backup power in the home, and vehicle to grid V2. G applications. 1. Several countries, including the United States, China, and several European countries, have enacted laws to ease the introduction of PHEVs through grants and tax credits, emissions mandates, and financing research and development in advanced batteries and related technology. Chinese battery manufacturer and automaker BYD Auto released the F3. Offers prices, classifieds, vocabulary, testimonials, pictures and model comparisons. DM to the Chinese fleet market in December 2. Shenzhen in March 2. Bmw Lease Programs June 2011 Past' title='Bmw Lease Programs June 2011 Past' />GM began delivering the Chevrolet Volt in the United States in December 2. American market. 1. As of December 2. Plug in hybrid cars are available mainly in the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Japan, and China. Bmw Lease Programs June 2011 ChemistryBmw Lease Programs June 2011 TornadoJoin the NASDAQ Community today and get free, instant access to portfolios, stock ratings, realtime alerts, and more Join Today. As of December 2. Free Keynote Christmas Theme Downloads. Chevrolet Volt family, including its siblings OpelVauxhall Ampera, is the worlds best selling plug in hybrid in history with combined sales of about 1. The Mitsubishi Outlander P HEV is the worlds second top selling plug in hybrid, with global sales of about 1. Toyota Prius PHV, with almost 7. December 2. 01. 6. As of December 2. As of December 2. United States ranked as the worlds largest plug in hybrid car market with a stock of 1. China with 8. 6,5. Netherlands with 7. Japan with 5. 5,4. UK with 2. 8,2. 50. Flexibility in power demand, diverse usage patterns and storage capability of PHEVs grow the elasticity of residential electricity demand remarkably. This elasticity can be used to form the daily aggregated demand profile andor alter instantaneous demand of a system wherein a large number of residential PHEVs share one electricity retailer. TerminologyeditA plug in hybrids all electric range is designated by PHEV miles or PHEVkilometerskm in which the number represents the distance the vehicle can travel on battery power alone. For example, a PHEV 2. PHEV3. 2km. 2. 6The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2. This distinguishes PHEVs from regular hybrid cars mass marketed today, which do not use any electricity from the grid. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE defines PHEVs similarly, but also requires that the hybrid electric vehicle be able to drive at least ten miles 1. PHEV 1. 0 PHEV1. The California Air Resources Board uses the term off vehicle charge capable OVCC to mean having the capability to charge a battery from an off vehicle electric energy source that cannot be connected or coupled to the vehicle in any manner while the vehicle is being driven. Other popular terms sometimes used for plug in hybrids are grid connected hybrids, Gas Optional Hybrid Electric Vehicle GO HEV or simply gas optional hybrids. GM calls its Chevrolet Voltseries plug in hybrid an Extended Range Electric Vehicle. HistoryeditInvention and early interesteditThe Lohner Porsche Mixte Hybrid, produced as early as 1. Early hybrids could be charged from an external source before operation. However, the term plug in hybrid has come to mean a hybrid vehicle that can be charged from a standard electrical wall socket. The term plug in hybrid electric vehicle was coined by UC Davis. Professor Andrew Frank,3. The July 1. 96. 9 issue of Popular Science featured an article on the General Motors XP 8. The concept commuter vehicle housed six 1. DC electric motor turning a front wheel drive. The car could be plugged into a standard North American 1. AC outlet for recharging. Revival of interesteditIn 2. Renault began selling the Electroad, a plug in series hybrid version of their popular Kangoo, in Europe. It was sold alongside Renaults Electricit electric drive Kangoo battery electric van. The Electroad had a 1. It powered two high voltagehigh outputlow volume alternators, each of which supplied up to 5. W at 1. 32 volts at 5. Definition Diagnostic Tools more. The operating speed of the internal combustion engineand therefore the output delivered by the generatorsvaried according to demand. Jagged Alliance Deadly Games Controls. The fuel tank had a capacity of 1. U. S.  gal 2. 2 imp gal and was housed within the right rear wheel arch. The range extender function was activated by a switch on the dashboard. The on board 3. 5 kilowatt charger could charge a depleted battery pack to 9. Passenger compartment heating was powered by the battery pack as well as an auxiliary coolant circuit that was supplied by the range extender engine. After selling about 5. France, Norway and the UK, at a price of about 2. Electroad was redesigned in 2. In 2. 00. 4, Cal. Cars converted a 2. Toyota Prius into a prototype of what it called the PRIUS. With the addition of 1. PRIUS achieved roughly double the fuel economy of a standard Prius and could make trips of up to 1. The vehicle, which is owned by Cal. Cars technical lead Ron Gremban, is used in daily driving, as well as a test bed for various improvements to the system. In 2. 00. 6, Toyota announced that it plans to develop a hybrid vehicle that will run locally on batteries charged by a household electrical outlet before switching over to a gasoline engine for longer hauls. In April 2. 00. 7 Toyota said it planned to migrate to lithium ion batteries in future hybrid models,4. Prius. 4. 5 Lithium ion batteries are expected to significantly improve fuel economy, and have a higher energy to weight ratio, but cost more to produce, and raise safety concerns due to high operating temperatures. In 2. 00. 6, GM announced plans to introduce a production plug in hybrid version of Saturns Greenline Vue SUV with an all electric range of 1. GM announced in January 2.